What are the parts of an IPv4 address? Show An IPv4 address consists of 32-bits divided into four octets. Each IP address includes a network ID and a host ID. The network ID identifies the systems that are located on the same physical network. The host ID identifies a workstation, server, router, or other TCP/IP host within a network.
The subnet mask splits the IP address into the network and host IDs. On a host, it is a clue to indicate whether an address is bound for the local network or destined to an outside network via a routing node. On a network, it is used to determine where to send a packet.
Public IPv4 addresses are globally routed between ISP routers. Private addresses are used by most organizations to assign IPv4 addresses to individual internal hosts.
IPv6 was developed to correct the limitations of IPv4 and include enhancements at the same time. With a 128-bit address space, versus 32-bits employed by IPv4, IPv6 can provide 340 undecillion addresses whereas IPv4 caps out at 4.3 billion.
IPv6 address are 128 bits in length and written as a string of hexadecimal values. Every 4 bits is represented by a single hexadecimal digit for a total of 32 hexadecimal values. The preferred format for writing IPv6 is x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x, and each "x" consists of four hexadecimal values. Though IPv6 addresses are longer than their IPv4 counterparts, there are rules in place to help reduce the long notations. 
A global unicast address is similar to a public IPv4 address. These are globally unique, Internet routable addresses. Global unicast addresses can be configured statically or assigned dynamically.
Similar to IPv4 multicast addresses, IPv6 multicast addresses are used to send a single packet to a multicast group. There are two types of IPv6 multicast addresses: Assigned and Solicited node. An assigned multicast address is a single address used to reach a group of devices running a common protocol or service. Solicited node multicast addresses have the advantage of being mapped to a special Ethernet multicast address which allows the Ethernet NIC to filter the frame by examining the destination MAC address without sending it to the IPv6 process.
Some common ICMP messages include:
Ping is a testing utility that uses ICMP echo request/reply messages to test connectivity between hosts in both IPv4 and IPv6. A ping request is sent to a host address. If the host at the specified address receives the request, it will respond with an echo reply. Traceroute is a utility that generates a list of hops that were successfully reached along the path. This list can provide important verification and troubleshooting information such as which hop data may be failing on the way to its destination. What is a broadcast address FFFF FFFF FFFF?ffff. ffff , this is the special reserved MAC address indicating a broadcast frame. This is what makes an ARP Request a broadcast. Had Host A chosen to send this frame using a specific host's MAC address in the destination, then the ARP request would have been unicast.
What is the broadcast address of the host subnet address?In each network, a broadcast IP is assigned only once. It is always the last IP address of the subnet. The broadcast address — where all host bits are set to “1” as already mentioned — is therefore: 192.128. 64.255 in this example.
Is the network address the same as the subnet address?With CIDR, "network address" and "subnet address" are identical.
Is subnet mask and subnet address same?A subnet (short of subnetwork) describes the specific part of a network that shares the network's IP address but has a unique subnet address. A subnet mask, however, differentiates between the portion of an IP address that refers to the subnet and the portion which refers to the host.
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