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If you use our chart images on your site or blog, we ask that you provide attribution via a link back to this page. We have provided a few examples below that you can copy and paste to your site: Your image export is now complete. Please check your download folder. From agrarian economy to global superpower in half a century—China’s transformation has been an economic success story unlike any other. Today, China is the world’s second largest economy, making up 16% of $86 trillion global GDP in nominal terms. If you adjust numbers for purchasing power parity (PPP), the Chinese economy has already been the world’s largest since 2014. The upward trajectory over the last 70 years has been filled with watershed moments, strategic directives, and shocking tragedies — and all of this can be traced back to the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) on October 1st, 1949. How the PRC Came to BeThe Chinese Civil War (1927–1949) between the Republic of China (ROC) and the Communist Party of China (CPC) caused a fractal split in the nation’s leadership. The CPC emerged victorious, and mainland China was established as the PRC. Communist leader Mao Zedong set out a few chief goals for the PRC: to overhaul land ownership, to reduce social inequality, and to restore the economy after decades of war. The first State Planning Commission and China’s first 5-year plan were introduced to achieve these goals. Today’s timely chart looks back on seven decades of notable events and policies that helped shape the country China has become. The base data draws from a graphic by Bert Hofman, the World Bank’s Country Director for China and other Asia-Pacific regions. The Mao Era: 1949–1977Mao Zedong’s tenure as Chairman of the PRC triggered sweeping changes for the country. 1953–1957: First 5-Year Plan 1958–1962: Great Leap Forward 1959–1962: Lushan Conference and 7,000 Cadres meeting 1966–1976: Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution 1971: Joined the United Nations 1972: President Nixon’s visit 1976–1977: Mao Zedong Death, and “Two Whatevers” 1979: “One-Child Policy” A Wave of Socio-Economic Reforms: 1980-1999From 1980 onward, China worked on opening up its markets to the outside world, and closing the inequality gap. 1980–1984: Special Economic Zones (SEZs) established 1981: National Household Responsibility System implemented 1989: Coastal Development Strategy 1989–1991: Post-Tiananmen retrenchment 1990–1991: Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges open 1994: Shandong Huaneng lists on the NYSE 1994–1996: National “8-7” Poverty Reduction Plan 1996: “Grasp the Large, Let Go of the Small” 1997: Urban Dibao (低保) 1997-1999: Hong Kong and Macao handover, Asian Financial Crisis 1999: Western Development Strategy Turn of the Century: 2000-presentChina’s entry to the World Trade Organization, and the Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (QFII) program – which let foreign investors participate in the PRC’s stock exchanges – contributed to the country’s economic growth. Source: CNBC 2006: Medium-term Plan for Scientific Development 2008-2009: Global Financial Crisis 2013: Belt and Road Initiative 2015: Made in China 2025 Despite the recent ongoing trade dispute with the U.S. and an increasingly aging population, the Chinese growth story seems destined to continue on. China Paving the Way?The 70th anniversary of the PRC offers a moment to reflect on the country’s journey from humble beginnings to a powerhouse on the world stage.
—Bert Hofman, World Bank Tweet Share Share Please enable JavaScript in your browser to complete this form. Subscribe to our free newsletter and get your mind blown on a daily basis: * Sign up Related Topics:timelineeconomic growthfeaturedPRCpeople's republic of chinachina historychina timeline Up Next From Coast to Coast: How U.S. Muni Bonds Help Build the Nation Don't Miss A Visual Timeline of the Tallest Historical Structures Click for Comments You may also like
DemographicsAnimated Chart: America’s Demographics Over 100+ YearsFrom 1901 to 2020, the U.S. population has changed significantly. This video reveals the change in America’s demographics over 100+ years. Creator ProgramPublished 4 weeks agoon November 16, 2022By Omri WallachAnimated: America’s Demographics Over 100+ YearsThe United States has famously been called a melting pot, due its demographic makeup of various cultures, races, religions, and languages. But what shape does that mixture take? And how has it changed over time? Beginning over 100 years ago, this video from Kaj Tallungs assesses how America’s demographics have changed from 1901 to 2020. It uses data from multiple sources including the U.S. Census Bureau, the National Center for Health Statistics, and the Human Mortality Database. A Look at the Total PopulationThe most obvious takeaway from this animation is that America’s population has soared over the last century. America’s population grew from 77 million in 1901 to over 330 million in 2020—or total growth of 330% over the 119 years. And the U.S. has continued to add to its population totals. Here’s a brief look at at the population in 2021 by regional breakdowns: RegionPopulation (2021)Share of Total PopulationSouth127,225,32938.3%West78,667,13423.7%Midwest68,841,44420.7%Northeast57,159,83817.2%And here’s a glance at how some of the population shakes out, across the top 10 most populous states in the country: RankStatePopulation (2021)#1California39,237,836#2Texas29,527,941#3Florida21,781,128#4New York19,835,913#5Pennsylvania12,964,056#6Illinois12,671,469#7Ohio11,780,017#8Georgia10,799,566#9North Carolina10,551,162#10Michigan10,050,811Demographic BreakdownsDiving a little deeper, the country’s demographic breakdowns have also changed significantly over the last 100+ years. While the share of men and women is an obvious near-even split, age and race distributions have changed drastically. For starters, though birth rates have remained fairly strong in the U.S., they have been slowing over time. This is similar to many other Western countries, and can eventually result in a larger share of elderly people as well as an increased financial cost of subsidizing their care. Additionally, fewer births results in a depleting workforce as the young population shrinks. The shares of Black, Asian, Hispanic, and people of two or more races have also been growing. In fact, between 2010–2020 the population of people identifying as two races or more increased by a whopping 276%. Here’s a glance at some of the other demographic growth rates over the 2010-2020 period:
Looking AheadLike many countries, a “graying” of the population will become a concern in the United States. By 2060, it is expected that 95 million Americans will be over 65. But the share of those 18 and under will also continue to grow (albeit at a much slower pace) from 74 million people in 2020 to 80 million in 2060. Another interesting insight from the Census Bureau is that from 2016–2060, the American-born population is expected to grow by only 20%, whereas the foreign-born population—the share of population who will immigrate to the U.S.—is expected to rise 58%. True to the melting pot moniker, America’s demographics will continue to change dramatically over the coming decades. Tweet Share Share Continue Reading MiscWhat Types of People Appear Most on International Currencies?What types of people are celebrated on our money? Here’s a look at the various occupations that are featured on international currencies. Creator ProgramPublished 2 months agoon October 14, 2022By Carmen AngWhat Types of People Appear Most on International Currencies?On currencies throughout the world, you’ll see everything from revolutionaries to poets featured prominently. But how does this mix of notable people break down quantitatively? This graphic by NetCredit shows the types of people, by their main occupations and roles, that are featured on banknotes and coins worldwide. Global Money Features PowerTo find out the types of people most featured on money, NetCredit analyzed all the banknotes and coins in circulation in every country across the globe in 2022. From monarchs to athletes, the analysis found that many types of people appear on banknotes and coins worldwide. In fact, 51 different main occupations and roles were identified, which were then organized into eight overarching categories:
Here’s a breakdown of all 51 different occupations, and what percentage of worldwide currencies they’re featured on: OccupationCategory% on CurrenciesMonarchLeadership30.24%Head of governmentGovernment20.74%PoliticianGovernment10.03%MilitaryMilitary & Esionage8.22%PoetThe Arts5.13%Religious leaderReligion3.02%AuthorThe Arts2.26%ArtistThe Arts1.73%WriterThe Arts1.51%MusicianThe Arts1.51%ActivistSociety1.28%ScientistScience & Humanities1.21%Movement leaderLeadership0.98%SaintReligion0.98%ExplorerScience & Humanities0.90%InventorScience & Humanities0.83%ScholarScience & Humanities0.83%RevolutionaryLeadership0.60%BusinessSociety0.60%HeroSociety0.60%AthleteSport & Recreation0.60%Supreme leaderLeadership0.53%EducatorScience & Humanities0.53%HistorianScience & Humanities0.45%SingerThe Arts0.45%Nationalist leaderLeadership0.38%DoctorScience & Humanities0.38%MathematicianScience & Humanities0.38%ChiefLeadership0.30%ArchitectScience & Humanities0.30%EconomistScience & Humanities0.30%PhilosopherScience & Humanities0.23%ActorThe Arts0.23%Chief of stateGovernment0.15%Revolutionary leaderLeadership0.15%IntellectualScience & Humanities0.15%LawyerScience & Humanities0.15%WifeSociety0.15%SpyMilitary & Esionage0.08%RectorReligion0.08%Civil engineerScience & Humanities0.08%LinguistScience & Humanities0.08%PhilanthropistScience & Humanities0.08%AnthropologistScience and Humanities0.08%Social workerSociety0.08%BallerinaSport & Recreation0.08%Chess championSport & Recreation0.08%MountaineerSport & Recreation0.08%ActressThe Arts0.08%Film directorThe Arts0.08%The analysis shows that over 50% of the people featured on money are either monarchs or heads of government, many of which are no longer in power. For instance, Belize was once a British colony and still features the late Elizabeth II on all of its currency—even though the country gained independence from the UK in 1981. And everyone featured on U.S. currency is also a historical figure. Putting living celebrities on U.S. money has been banned since 1866, after Spencer Clark, who was the Superintendent of the U.S. National Currency Bureau at the time, printed his own face on the 5-cent banknote instead of the explorer William Clark of “Lewis and Clark.” International Currencies: The Most Popular Figure HeadsFeatured on over 100 different currencies around the world, the late Elizabeth II is the most featured person on banknotes and coins. This makes sense considering the UK’s widespread historical reach. During the height of its reign in the early 20th century, the British Empire ruled nearly a quarter of the world. Perhaps unsurprisingly, 6 of the top 10 most-featured people on currencies are monarchs, while the rest are heads of government. Women on BanknotesWhile Elizabeth II is the most featured person on currencies around the world, it’s worth mentioning that few other women have been given the same honor. A study analyzed 1,006 current international banknotes and found that only 15% featured images of women. However, some countries are actively trying to celebrate more women on their money. For example, the U.S. has been planning to put Harriet Tubman on the U.S. $20 bill for years, and while there have been some delays, the bill is currently on track to get released by 2030. How poor was China in 1980?It is estimated by the World Bank that according to the international poverty line (per capita cost of living is below $1 per day), China's poverty population dropped from 542 million to 375 million in the 1980s (referring to the period of 1980-1990), decreasing by 167 million.
What was China like in the 80s?The 1980s saw a surge in intellectual material as the country emerged from the conformity of the Cultural Revolution; the time period between 1982 and 1989 saw freedom of the press like never before, and has since then never been seen again. Two prominent schools of thought emerged.
How has China's economy changed since 1980?China has been the fastest growing economy in the world since the 1980s, with an average annual growth rate of 10% from 1978 to 2005, based on government statistics. Its GDP reached $USD 2.286 trillion in 2005.
What type of economy was China before 1978?Prior to 1979, China, under the leadership of Chairman Mao Zedong, maintained a centrally planned, or command, economy. A large share of the country's economic output was directed and controlled by the state, which set production goals, controlled prices, and allocated resources throughout most of the economy.
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