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What is an Outstanding Check?An outstanding check is a check payment that has been recorded by the issuing entity, but which has not yet cleared its bank account as a deduction from its cash balance. The concept is used in the derivation of the month-end bank reconciliation. There is typically a multi-day period between when a check is created and when it is presented for payment, which is caused by the time required for the postal service to deliver the check, as well as for the payee to deposit it. The check may also be delayed if the issuing entity puts off mailing the check for any reason. If an outstanding check has not yet cleared the bank by the end of the month, it does not appear on the month-end bank statement, and so is a reconciling item in the month-end bank reconciliation prepared by the issuing entity. An outstanding check remains a liability of the payer until such time as the payee presents the check for payment, which then eliminates the liability. If the payee never presents the check for payment, the payer can mark the check as void in its accounting system, which usually marks the original account payable as unpaid, and also increases the balance in the cash account by the amount of the outstanding check that is now being voided. A common problem for the payer is keeping sufficient cash in a bank account to pay off all outstanding checks, since a few residual checks may not be cashed for a long time (as may be the case with, for example, a rent deposit check or a bid bond). If the payer assumes that an outstanding check will not be cashed and therefore reduces the cash balance in the related checking account, this puts the payer at risk of having the check rejected whenever it is finally presented for payment, due to a lack of funds. If a payee receives a check and does not present it for payment at once, there is a risk that the payer will close the bank account on which the check was drawn. If so, the payee will need to receive a replacement payment from the payer. Terms Similar to Outstanding CheckAn outstanding check is also known as an outstanding cheque. Banks usually send customers a monthly statement that shows the account's beginning balance (the previous statement's ending balance), all transactions that affect the account's balance during the month, and the account's ending balance.
The ending balance on a bank statement almost never agrees with the balance in a company's corresponding general ledger account. After receiving the bank statement, therefore, the company prepares a bank reconciliation, which identifies each difference between the company's records and the bank's records. The normal differences identified in a bank reconciliation will be discussed separately. These differences are referred to as reconciling items. A bank reconciliation begins by showing the bank statement's ending balance and the company's balance (book balance) in the cash account on the same date. Vector Management Group Bank Reconciliation April 30, 20X8 Deposits in transit. Most companies make frequent cash deposits. Therefore, company records may show one or more deposits, usually made on the last day included on the bank statement, that do not appear on the bank statement. These deposits are called deposits in transit and cause the bank statement balance to understate the company's actual cash balance. Since deposits in transit have already been recorded in the company's books as cash receipts, they must be added to the bank statement balance. The Vector Management Group made a $3,000 deposit on the afternoon of April 30 that does not appear on the statement, so this deposit in transit is added to the bank statement balance. Vector Management Group Bank Reconciliation April 30, 20X8  Outstanding checks. A check that a company mails to a creditor may take several days to pass through the mail, be processed and deposited by the creditor, and then clear the banking system. Therefore, company records may include a number of checks that do not appear on the bank statement. These checks are called outstanding checks and cause the bank statement balance to overstate the company's actual cash balance. Since outstanding checks have already been recorded in the company's books as cash disbursements, they must be subtracted from the bank statement balance. Vector Management Group Bank Reconciliation April 30, 20X8 Less: Outstanding checks Automatic withdrawals and deposits. Companies may authorize a bank to automatically transfer funds into or out of their account. Automatic withdrawals from the account are used to pay for loans (notes or mortgages payable), monthly utility bills, or other liabilities. Automatic deposits occur when the company's checking account receives automatic fund transfers from customers or other sources or when the bank collects notes receivable payments on behalf of the company. Banks use debit memoranda to notify companies about automatic withdrawals, and they use credit memoranda to notify companies about automatic deposits. The names applied to these memoranda may seem confusing at first glance because the company credits (decreases) its cash account upon receiving debit memoranda from the bank, and the company debits (increases) its cash account upon receiving credit memoranda from the bank. To the bank, however, a company's checking account balance is a liability rather than an asset. Therefore, from the bank's perspective, the terms debit and credit are correctly applied to the memoranda. If this still seems confusing, you may want to review the chart on page 19 and think about how the company classifies their account as an asset while the bank classifies the company's account as a liability. A credit memorandum attached to the Vector Management Group's bank statement describes the bank's collection of a $1,500 note receivable along with $90 in interest. The bank deducted $25 for this service, so the automatic deposit was for $1,565. The bank statement also includes a debit memorandum describing a $253 automatic withdrawal for a utility payment. Unlike deposits in transit or outstanding checks, which are already recorded in the company's books, automatic withdrawals and deposits are often brought to the company's attention for the first time when the bank statement is received. On the bank reconciliation, add unrecorded automatic deposits to the company's book balance, and subtract unrecorded automatic withdrawals. Vector Management Group Bank Reconciliation April 30,20X8 Because reconciling items that affect the book balance on a bank reconciliation have not been recorded in the company's books, they must be journalized and posted to the general ledger accounts. The $1,565 credit memorandum requires a compound journal entry involving four accounts. Cash is debited for $1,565, bank fees expense is debited for $25, notes receivable is credited for $1,500, and interest revenue is credited for $90.
If the Vector Management Group had previously made adjusting entries to accrue all of the interest revenue (by debiting interest receivable and crediting interest revenue), then interest receivable rather than interest revenue would need to be credited for $90 in the journal entry shown above. The automatic withdrawal requires a simple journal entry that debits utilities expense and credits cash for $253.
Interest earned. Banks often pay interest on checking account balances. Interest income reported on the bank statement has usually not been accrued by the company and, therefore, must be added to the company's book balance on the bank reconciliation. The final transaction listed on the Vector Management Group's bank statement is for $18 in interest that has not been accrued, so this amount is added to the right side of the following bank reconciliation. Vector Management Group Bank Reconciliation April 30,20X8 The interest revenue must be journalized and posted to the general ledger cash account. In the journal entry below, cash is debited for $18 and interest revenue is credited for $18.
Bank service charges. Banks often require customers to pay monthly account fees, check printing fees, safe‐deposit box rental fees, and other fees. Unrecorded service charges must be subtracted from the company's book balance on the bank reconciliation. The Vector Management Group's bank statement on page 120 includes a $20 service charge for check printing and a $50 service charge for the rental of a safe‐deposit box. Vector Management Group Bank Reconciliation April 30,20X8 Although separate journal entries for each expense can be made, it is simpler to combine them, so bank fees expense is debited for $70 and cash is credited for $70.
NSF (not sufficient funds) checks. A check previously recorded as part of a deposit may bounce because there are not sufficient funds in the issuer's checking account. When this happens, the bank returns the check to the depositor and deducts the check amount from the depositor's account Therefore, NSF checks must be subtracted from the company's book balance on the bank reconciliation. The Vector Management Group's bank statement includes an NSF check for $345 from Hosta, Inc. Vector Management Group Bank Reconciliation April 30,20X8 Since the NSF check has previously been recorded as a cash receipt, a journal entry is necessary to update the company's books. Therefore, a $345 debit is made to increase the accounts receivable balance of Hosta, Inc., and a $345 credit is made to decrease cash.
Errors. Companies and banks sometimes make errors. Therefore, each transaction on the bank statement should be double‐checked. If the bank incorrectly recorded a transaction, the bank must be contacted, and the bank balance must be adjusted on the bank reconciliation. If the company incorrectly recorded a transaction, the book balance must be adjusted on the bank reconciliation and a correcting entry must be journalized and posted to the general ledger. While reviewing the bank statement, Vector Management Group discovers that check #1569 for $381, which was made payable to an advertising agency named Ad It Up, had been incorrectly entered in the cash disbursements journal for $318. This error is a reconciling item because the company's general ledger cash account is overstated by $63. Vector Management Group Bank Reconciliation April 30,20X8 When all differences between the ending bank statement balance and book balance have been identified and entered on the bank reconciliation, the adjusted bank balance and adjusted book balance are identical. Since the Vector Management Group paid Ad It Up $63 more than the books show, a $63 debit is made to decrease the accounts payable balance owed to Ad It Up, and a $63 credit is made to decrease cash.
Where does outstanding checks go on a bank reconciliation?They must be added to the bank statement. Outstanding checks are those that have been written and recorded in cash account of the business but have not yet cleared the bank account. They need to be deducted from the bank balance. This often happens when the checks are written in the last few days of the month.
When preparing a bank reconciliation statement outstanding checks would ____?In preparing a bank reconciliation, outstanding checks should be added back to the ending balance per the bank statement.
What will outstanding deposits amount be in the bank reconciliation statement?An outstanding deposit is that amount of cash recorded by the receiving entity, but which has not yet been recorded by its bank. All outstanding deposits are listed as reconciling items on the periodic bank reconciliation prepared by the receiving entity.
What are included in bank reconciliation statement?A bank reconciliation statement is a document prepared by a company that shows its recorded bank account balance matches the balance the bank lists. This statement includes all transactions, such as deposits and withdrawals, from a given timeframe.
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