Passive transport does not require ATP energy to be spent by the cell; active transport involves the cell spending energy to move materials. Show
Explanation:Molecules naturally move from areas where they are abundant (high concentration) to where they are less common (low concentration) in a process called diffusion. Some molecules will cross in or out of a cell membrane in this way without the cell having to spend any energy to do so. This is passive transport. When the cell wants to build up an excess of molecules on one side of the cell membrane (inside or outside) it must spend energy to counteract the tendency towards diffusion (described above). The cell must spend energy to do this and this is referred to as active transport. Active and passive transport are the two methods of transporting molecules across the cell membrane. Active transport pumps molecules against a concentration gradient using cellular energy. In primary active transport, ATP is used as the energy. In secondary active transport, the electrochemical gradient is used to move molecules across the membrane. Nutrients are concentrated into the cell by using active transport. Passive diffusion allows small, non-polar molecules to move across the membrane. It only occurs through a concentration gradient. Therefore, no energy is utilized by the process. Osmosis and filtration are also methods of passive diffusion. However, the main difference between active transport and passive transport is their mechanisms of transporting molecules across the membrane. Active and passive transport are biological processes that move oxygen, water and nutrients into cells and remove waste products. Active transport requires chemical energy because it is the movement of biochemicals from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration. On the other hand, passive trasport moves biochemicals from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration; so it does not require energy. Comparison chartActive Transport versus Passive Transport comparison chartActive TransportPassive TransportDefinitionActive Transport uses ATP to pump molecules AGAINST/UP the concentration gradient. Transport occurs from a low concentration of solute to high concentration of solute. Requires cellular energy.Movement of molecules DOWN the concentration gradient. It goes from high to low concentration, in order to maintain equilibrium in the cells. Does not require cellular energy.Types of TransportEndocytosis, cell membrane/sodium-potassium pump & exocytosisDiffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.FunctionsTransports molecules through the cell membrane against the concentration gradient so more of the substance is inside the cell (i.e. a nutrient) or outside the cell (i.e. a waste) than normal. Disrupts equilibrium established by diffusion.Maintains dynamic equilibrium of water, gases, nutrients, wastes, etc. between cells and extracellular fluid; allows for small nutrients and gases to enter/exit. No NET diffusion/osmosis after equilibrium is established.Types of Particles Transportedproteins, ions, large cells, complex sugars.Anything soluble (meaning able to dissolve) in lipids, small monosaccharides, water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, sex hormones, etc.Examplesphagocytosis, pinocytosis, sodium/potassium pump, secretion of a substance into the bloodstream (process is opposite of phagocytosis & pinocytosis)diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.ImportanceIn eukaryotic cells, amino acids, sugars and lipids need to enter the cell by protein pumps, which require active transport.These items either cannot diffuse or diffuse too slowly for survival.It maintains equilibrium in the cell. Wastes (carbon dioxide, water, etc.) diffuse out and are excreted; nutrients and oxygen diffuse in to be used by the cell.ProcessThere are two types of active transport: primary and secondary. In primary active transport, specialized trans-membrane proteins recognize the presence of a substance that needs to be transported and serve as pumps, powered by the chemical energy ATP, to carry the desired biochemicals across. In secondary active transport, pore-forming proteins form channels in the cell membrane and force the biochemicals across using an electromagnetic gradient. Often, this energy is gained by simultaneously moving another substance down the concentration gradient. Example of primary active transport, where energy from hydrolysis of ATP is directly coupled to the movement of a specific substance across a membrane independent of any other species. There are four main types of passive transport: osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion and filtration. Diffusion is the simple movement of particles through a permeable membrane down a concentration gradient (from a more concentrated solution to a less concentrated solution) until the two solutions are of equal concentration. Facilitated diffusion uses special transport proteins to achieve the same effect. Filtration is the movement of water and solute molecules down the concentration gradient, e.g. in the kidneys, and osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane. None of these processes require energy. Three different mechanisms for passive transport in bilayer membranes. Left: ion channel (through a defined trajectory); center: ionophore/carrier (the transporter physical diffuses through with the ion); right: detergent (non-specific membrane disruption). Video explaining the differencesHere's a good video explaining the process of active and passive transport: ExamplesExamples of active transport include a sodium pump, glucose selection in the intestines, and the uptake of mineral ions by plant roots. Passive transport occurs in the kidneys and the liver, and in the alveoli of the lungs when they exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. What is the difference between active and passive transport is that active mechanisms use quizlet?The primary difference between passive and active transport is that passive transport does not require ATP, while active transport does require ATP. Also, passive transport goes along the concentration gradient (high to low concentration), while active transport goes against the concentration gradient.
What is one major difference between passive and active transport?In Active transport the molecules are moved across the cell membrane, pumping the molecules against the concentration gradient using ATP (energy). In Passive transport, the molecules are moved within and across the cell membrane and thus transporting it through the concentration gradient, without using ATP (energy).
What are 3 main differences between active and passive transport?Difference Between Active and Passive Transport. What are the mechanisms of active transport?Active transport mechanisms, collectively called pumps, work against electrochemical gradients. Small substances constantly pass through plasma membranes. Active transport maintains concentrations of ions and other substances needed by living cells in the face of these passive movements.
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