Is a vertical marketing system that combines successive stages of production?

A market with a distribution channel structure in which producers, wholesalers, and retailers act as a unified system; either one channel member owns the others, or has contracts with them, or has so much power that they all cooperate.

There are three major types of vertical market system (VMS).•Corporate VMS: a VMS combining successive stages of production and distribution under single ownership.•Administered VMS: a VMS that coordinates successive stages of production and distribution, not through common ownership, but through the size and power of one of the parties.•Contractual VMS: a VMS in which independent firms at different levels of production and distribution join together through contracts to obtain more economies or sales than they could achieve alone.

•Corporate VMS: a VMS combining successive stages of production and distribution under single ownership.

•Administered VMS: a VMS that coordinates successive stages of production and distribution, not through common ownership, but through the size and power of one of the parties.

•Contractual VMS: a VMS in which independent firms at different levels of production and distribution join together through contracts to obtain more economies or sales than they could achieve alone.

There are three types of Contractual VMS.•Wholesaler-Sponsored Voluntary Chain: one in which wholesalers organize a voluntary chain of independent retailers to help them compete with large corporate chain organizations.•Retailer Cooperative: one in which retailers organize a new jointly-owned business to carry on wholesaling and possibly production.•Franchise organization: one in which a channel member, called a franchiser, links several stages in the production distribution process. These are yet again of three types:

Definition: Vertical Marketing System or VMS comprises producers, wholesalers and retailers that work as a combined system. Of the various channel members, one comes out as channel captain and the rest of the members either:

1. Agree to follow the captain in sales, delivery and service or
2. Franchises them or
3. Has sufficient power to convince or force other members to cooperate with them.

So, one channel member owns the other channel members. In short, they are in a pact with each other and exercise a considerable degree of power in that they cooperate with each other. The channel captain attempts to control the behaviour of other channel members. In addition, he also makes efforts to resolve conflicts that arise because of the independent behaviour of channel members.

Moreover, it ensures close coordination and cooperation between various channel members. As a result of this, when all channel partners work together, they generate not only more sales but also a loyal clientele. It helps in achieving an efficient, low-cost distribution that is capable of satisfying the target market customers. Thus, it has given rise to the concept of a planned marketing channel.

The emergence of VMS is to control channel behaviour and manage channel conflict. It helps in achieving economies of scale through:

• Size,
• Bargaining power and
• Elimination of duplicated services

Do you know a traditional marketing channel covers an independent producer, wholesaler and retailer. Hence, every single channel member operates in an independent manner and seeks to make maximum profit. Therefore, the channel member cannot control other members.

Further, it is a fully integrated system on the vertical level, i.e. right from the manufacturer to the final intermediary.

Types of Vertical Marketing System

There are three types of VMS:

Corporate VMS

In this one channel members, owns the marketing intermediaries. It combines the successive levels of production and distribution under one ownership. Popularly, we know it as vertical integration. It is possible through forward and backward integration.

In this, achievement of coordination and channel conflict management is possible by way of regular organizational channels.

Example

• Amul and Asian Paints not only produce the product but also own a number of retail outlets for distribution and sales.
• Kroger and Safeway are also two classic examples of Corporate VMS.
• BATA and TATA also not just produce the products but also sell them through their retail outlets
• Amway is an American cosmetic company, which manufactures its own product range and sell these products only through its authorized Amway stores. Here, the ownership of production and distribution is with the company itself.

Administered VMS

In this, the channel organizations stay independent, but one channel member has control over the other business in the supply chain. It coordinates the production and distribution stages depending on the size and power of one channel member.

The dominant member looks after the business health of other participants. Also, it does not make any attempt to remove them or consume the profit of other channel partners. There are instances where the brand equity and market position of the producer are itself capable of seeking voluntary contribution from the retailers. The contribution can be in the matters of level of inventory, displays, promotion, shelf space and pricing policy.

Example

• You might have observed that Samsung gets better displays in the retail outlets than other brands. This happens because of their size and reputation too.
• Big brands like HUL, ITC, Procter& Gamble, etc. command a high level of cooperation from the retailers in terms of display, shelf space, pricing policies, and promotional schemes.

Contractual VMS

Channel organizations operating at different stages of production and distribution come together and work through legal agreement. Basically, it is an arrangement of a group of independent producers, and distributors.

In this setting they incorporate their programs through an agreement to gain synergy and to generate more sales or economies of scale. Here, the contractual agreement plays a crucial role in coordinating the activities and managing conflict. Contractual VMS can take three forms:

• Wholesaler Sponsored Voluntary Chains
• Retailer Owned Cooperatives
• Franchising

Example

KFC, Pizza Hut, Dominos, and McDonalds are the two most common examples of Contractual VMS.

Advantages of Vertical Marketing System

1. In this, the manufacturer and channel members come together to earn profit out of the new arrangement. So, cooperation is the essence of this strategy. Hence, they develop a network and formulate a strategy, for the prupose of successfully operating in the market.
2. It helps to eliminate completely the conflicts between channel members. It results in competitive advantage to the manufacturer.

A word from Business Jargons

Above all, a vertical marketing channel is a distribution channel structure wherein a single channel member manages various intermediaries for the purpose of improving distribution efficiency and marketing effectiveness. Further, it also led to channel leadership.

What is a vertical marketing system?

What are the 3 types of vertical marketing systems?

What combines successive phases of production and distribution through the power and size of one of the members?

What is fully independent vertical marketing system?