Which of the following is true of social interaction? Show
b) it is reciprocal What is social interaction? c) a reciprocal exchange in which two or more people read, react, and respond to each other Which of the following is an example of social
interaction? d) All of the answers are correct. According to Berger and Luckmann, which of the following statements best describes the relationship between individuals and
society? b) It is interdependent with individuals both creating society and being products of that society. One of the crucial aspects of the relationship between dominant and subordinate groups is the a) ability of the dominant group to set values and norms. Which of the following is not an example of the social construction of reality? c) childbirth Which of the following terms refers to the way in which a society is organized into the positions people occupy and the relationships between them? b) social structure Which term is used by sociologists to refer to the social positions we occupy relative to others? a) status Which of the following are examples of statuses? d) All of the answers are correct. An ascribed status is a social position b) assigned to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics. Which of the following statements about an ascribed status is correct? c) It is often biological in origin, but significant mainly because of the social meanings attached to it. Which of the following is an
example of an ascribed status? c) a South African An achieved status is a social position a) that is within our power to change. An individual can acquire an achieved status by doing which of the following? d) All of the answers are correct. Which of the following is an achieved
status? c) news reporter Which of the following is true about master status? c) It is a status that dominates others and thereby determines a person's general position in society. A young woman walks into her women's studies class, and looks at the person sitting to her left. He is
the only male in the class. He is about 20 years old, wears a wedding ring, and carries a bag with a tennis racquet. Which of his characteristics is most likely his master status in the context of this class? c) his gender Which term is used by sociologists to refer to a set of expectations for people who occupy a given social
position or status? a) social role Which of the following statements about social roles is correct? c) Actual performance of a social role varies from individual to individual.`\ Which term is used to refer to incompatible expectations that arise when the same person holds two or more social statuses? b) role conflict Elaine is a clinical sociologist who practices marriage and family therapy. She is also a college professor. One of her current students asks her if he can make an appointment for a therapy session. Elaine tells the student that she will refer him to a colleague because she feels that holding therapy sessions with a student might create b) role conflict. The difficulty that arises when the same social status imposes conflicting demands and expectations is known as b) role strain. Role exit is defined as a) the process of disengagement from a role that is central to one's self-identity in order to establish a new role and identity. A primary group is a small group that is b) characterized by intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation. Which of the following is most likely to be a primary group? c) the members of a neighborhood softball team Any group or category to which people feel they belong is called a(n) c) in-group. Which term is used by sociologists when speaking of any group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior? d)reference group A temporary or permanent alliance geared toward a common goal is called a(n) c) coalition. Which of the following is true about social networks? d) All of the answers are true. Sociological research that maps sexual relationships among high school students in a given school is an example of research on c)social networks. A group of businesswomen meets on a monthly basis to assist one another in advancing their careers. They give each other job leads and advice, and they invite business leaders to attend their sessions to provide further assistance. This group is an example of a(n) d) social network. Which of the following is not an example of an electronic social network? c) FOX News Which of the following terms is used to refer to organized and persistent social systems centered on meeting basic societal
needs? b) social institutions Which of the following would be an example of a social institution? a) the United States government Functional prerequisites are a) functions that a society must perform if it is to survive. Which of the following institutions helps fulfill the functional prerequisites of a society? d) All of the answers are correct. Sociologists who use the conflict paradigm focus on a) the consequences of difference and how institutions reinforce inequality. An abstract model of the essential characteristics of a phenomenon is called a(n) b) ideal type. By working at a specific task, people are more likely to become highly skilled and carry out a job with maximum efficiency. This is the rationale for the concept of c) division of labor. Bureaucratic norms dictate that people be judged on performance rather than personality. The goal of these norms is to a) promote equal treatment. Which of the following is present within the ideal bureaucracy? b)hiring based on technical qualifications Which of the following is true about bureaucratization? c) It is the process by which an organization increasingly relies on technical-rational decision making in the pursuit of efficiency. Which of the following has been least shaped by McDonaldization? d)electricians The iron law of oligarchy is the principle a) that all organizations, even democratic ones, tend to develop into a bureaucracy ruled by an elite few. According to the classical theory of formal
organizations, workers are motivated almost entirely by a) economic rewards. Planning based on the human relations approach focuses on d)resolving workers' feelings, frustrations, and emotional need for job satisfaction. Ferdinand Tönnies would view hunting-and-gathering societies as examples of a(n) a)Gemeinschaft. Ferdinand Tönnies used the term __________ to refer to communities that are large, impersonal, and often urban, with little consensus concerning values or commitment to the group. b)Gesellschaft In a small town in the Midwest, all of the children attend the same school and most of the
community members attend the same church. Everyone in this community knows everyone else, and they have shared numerous experiences with one another. This community would be characterized by Ferdinand Tönnies as a d)Gemeinschaft. Émile Durkheim suggested that as a society becomes more interdependent
and as the division of labor grows, the nature of solidarity becomes more b)organic. In Gerhard Lenski's view, societal organization is highly dependent on its level of c)technology. The
Yanomamö, a South American culture, live in a village and spend most of their time searching for food and tending small gardens. Their primary tool is a stone ax, which they use for cutting down trees to expand their gardens. The Yanomamö are an example of a(n): b)horticultural society. In
the most technologically advanced form of preindustrial society, members are engaged primarily in food production. They increase their crop yields through such innovations as the plow. This type of society is call a(n) b) agrarian society. Which of the following is characteristic of the emergence
of industrial societies? d)All of the answers are correct. Which of the following is characteristic of a postindustrial society? c)The main output is services rather than goods. Postindustrial societies are primarily concerned with c)Both answers are true. In The Other America, Michael Harrington is critical of what element of postindustrial societies proposed by Daniel Bell? a)the significance of white-collar workers
A technologically sophisticated, pluralistic, interconnected globalized society is called a(n) d)postmodern society. In the United States, we listen to music imported from Jamaica, eat sushi and other Japanese foods, and watch movies produced in Italy. These are all features of
a(n) d)postmodern society. Social interaction is the underlining framework of society that consists of the positions people occupy and the relationships between them. false The implication of George Herbert
Mead's statement that "No hard-and-fast line can be drawn between our own selves and the selves of others" is that the term "selves" is a social or relational conception. True Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann have described world construction as having four parts: the construction of culture, the construction of society, the construction of self, and the construction of
government. False Implicit in the concept of social structure is the idea that we, as individuals, can define and redefine our position within society at will. False It is easier to change your ascribed status than it is to change your achieved status.
False In general, one's ascribed status can heavily influence one's achieved status, but one's achieved status cannot affect one's ascribed status. True Role conflict and role strain are closely related, and role conflict is often considered a severe form of role strain. False A necessary part of the definition of the term "group" is that there must be a large number of people involved. False We are more likely to be socialized by primary groups than by secondary groups. True The key distinction between an "in-group" and an
"out-group" is the size of the group. Out-groups are, by definition, larger than in-groups. False Moira has been assigned to work on a project for her company, but her partner on the project is lazy and difficult to work with. After an especially unproductive day, Moira complains to her boss. Her boss sympathizes, but warns Moira that if she doesn't finish the project on time, he will be forced
to drop her from consideration for a promotion. The reaction of Moira's boss is an example of b)social control. The term social control refers to c)techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior. Which of the following has a role in maintaining social control? d)All of the answers are correct. Which of
the following is true about sanctions? a)They are penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm. What were
the two levels of social control identified by Stanley Milgram? a)conformity and obedience Which of the following terms refers to going along with the preferences of one's peers? b)conformity The managing editor of a newspaper, acting on an order from the publisher, fires three editors, one of whom is an old friend. The actions of the editor are an example of a)obedience. According to a study by Stanley Milgram, individuals will b)obey the commands of people viewed as legitimate authority figures, even if the behavior may harm another individual. What were the conclusions Milgram drew from his experiment? b)Citizens of the modern industrial world view authority as more important than individuality. What was the motivation behind Stanley Milgram's experimental study of obedience? a)to better understand German involvement in the murder of Jews in World War II A college student interrupts the instructor during a seminar; the instructor responds with an angry glare. This is an example of b)informal social control. A college student is caught cheating on an exam and is brought before a college-wide disciplinary committee, which decides to expel the student from the school. The committee's action is an example of a)formal social control. Which of
the following is not an example of the measures of social control implemented by the U.S. government in the aftermath of the September 11th attacks? c)internment of Arab Americans Which of the following statements is correct about
laws? d)All of the answers are correct. Which of the following is not an example of the fluid nature of laws in the United States? c)the prohibition of murder Which of the following theories offers a view of conformity and deviance that suggests that our connection to members of society leads us to conform systematically to society's norms? control theory Deviance is behavior that -violates a group's norms. Which of the following is an example of deviance? A student picks his nose throughout his sociology class period. All of the answers are correct. Sociologists use the term ______ to describe the labels society uses to devalue members of certain social groups. stigma stigma Which of the following statements is correct regarding stigma and deviance in the United States? -A person must be guilty of a crime to be stigmatized. -People may be stigmatized for deviant behaviors in which they no longer engage. -Because society is largely patriarchal, stigmas are only applied to women. -People have full control over which stigmas are attached to them. -People may be stigmatized for deviant behaviors in which they no longer engage. Which of the following statements about index crimes is correct? -They are tracked by the FBI and have been for a long time. -They are tracked by the FBI and have been for a long time. What is a victimization survey? -a questionnaire given to prisoners to determine how many people they have victimized through their crimes -a questionnaire given to a sample of the population to determine if people have been victims of crime Underreporting of crime in the United States -has not been a problem in recent years due to the increased availability of anonymous reporting. -often occurs because members of racial and ethnic minority groups distrust law enforcement agencies. -is largely the result of white males failing to report crimes because of their reluctance to damage perceptions of their masculinity. -is most common in conjunction with motor vehicle theft because victims do not feel their property will be returned. -often occurs because members of racial and ethnic minority groups distrust law enforcement agencies. Dave, the president of a small corporation, has a wild weekend. He spends a night with a prostitute, gambles illegally, drinks excessively, and uses drugs. Some would suggest he has committed various -indexed crimes. -victimless crimes. Feminist sociologists contend that the so-called victimless crime of prostitution, as well as the more disturbing aspects of pornography -reinforce the misconception that women can be treated as "toys." -serve as a vital deterrent against sexual crimes. -should be criminalized only for women. -are completely harmless provided that the women are in no way coerced. -reinforce the misconception that women can be treated as "toys." The term ethnic succession, as used by Daniel Bell, refers to -the migration of immigrant groups into communities previously occupied by other immigrant groups. -the process during which the leadership of organized crime is passed from one ethnic group to another. -the process during which the control of local law enforcement is passed from one ethnic group to another. -the migration of immigrant groups into new areas of crime. -the process during which the leadership of organized crime is passed from one ethnic group to another. In a city on the East Coast, organized crime was dominated by an Italian "family," but they were eventually displaced by African Americans. This would be an example of -assimilation. -ethnic succession. Crime that occurs across multiple national borders is known as transnational crime. transnational crime. Which of the following is traditionally an example of transnational crime? slavery Which of the following is not a reason sociologists have offered to explain why violent crime rates generally are higher in the United States than in Western Europe? economic disparity a history of tolerating many forms of violence substantial alcohol and drug abuse Western Europeans rarely report crimes Western Europeans rarely report crimes Which of the following statements about imprisonment rates in the United States is true? The United States imprisons people at a lower rate than Russia, Mexico, or Canada. Russia, South Africa, and Mexico each imprison people more frequently than the Unites States. The United States imprisons a people at a lower rate than Russia or South Africa, but higher than Israel. The United States imprisons people at a higher rate than Russia, Mexico, or Canada The United States imprisons people at a higher rate than Russia, Mexico, or Canada Which of the following is true about violent crime rates in Mexico? They are increasing rapidly in some cases. They are increasing in some cases, but rarely in a specific location. They remain fairly steady. They are declining. They are increasing rapidly in some cases. Which of the following is true about Émile Durkheim's view of deviance? There is nothing inherently deviant in any act; the key is how society responds to the act. Labeling an individual is the most crucial stage in that person becoming a deviant. Deviant acts and crime always have a negative effect on society. Formal punishment for deviant acts is unnecessary because society automatically punishes deviants. There is nothing inherently deviant in any act; the key is how society responds to the act. Which term is used to describe the loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective? anomie anomie Anomie would be most likely to occur in a society during which of the following events? All of the answers are correct. The most common adaptation in Robert Merton's anomie theory of deviance is conformity In his strain theory of deviance, Robert Merton described the five primary types of deviance. created a typology to explain the adaptations people make in order to achieve a goal. noted that a given individual will always follow the same mode of adaptation. suggested that conformists tend to ignore societal goals for fear of appearing deviant. created a typology to explain the adaptations people make in order to achieve a goal. According to Robert Merton's typology, what is an "innovator?" An individual who has abandoned the dominant means and seeks out a dramatically different social order. An individual who has withdrawn from both the goals and means of society. An individual who has accepted the goals of society, but pursues them with means regarded as improper. None of the answers is correct. An individual who has accepted the goals of society, but pursues them with means regarded as improper. In Robert Merton's terms, people who blindly apply bureaucratic rules and regulations without remembering the larger goals of the organization can be classified as ritualists. ritualists. An unemployed young adult wants a stereo, but he doesn't have the money or the means of earning the money needed to buy it. His desire for the stereo overwhelms him, and he steals one from a local store. This incident illustrates which theory of deviance? conflict
theory strain theory of deviance Arnold gets a perfect grade on his organic chemistry exam because he copies most of his answers from Stanley, the class brain who is sitting next to him. According to Merton's strain theory of deviance, Arnold would be classified as a(n) ritualist. innovator. An employee at a welfare office is so concerned with paperwork that he doesn't have time to administer to the needs of the poor, hungry, and homeless individuals who seek assistance. According to Merton's theory, this welfare worker would be a(n) ritualist. ritualist. According to Robert Merton's typology, what is a retreatist? An individual who has rejected the dominant means and seeks out a dramatically different social order. An individual who has withdrawn from both the goals and means of society. An individual who has accepted the goals of society, but pursues them with means regarded as improper. None of the answers is correct. An individual who has withdrawn from both the goals and means of society. According to Robert Merton, members of revolutionary political organizations such as the Irish Republican Army (IRA) would typically be classified as rebels. rebels. Which school of thought was used by Edwin Sutherland to emphasize that criminal behavior is learned through social interactions with others? labeling theory cultural transmission Monica, a new student at Valley High School, becomes friends with a group of teenagers who use marijuana and remain seated during the singing of the National Anthem. Although Monica had never used marijuana and used to sing the Anthem, she begins to engage in the same behavior as her new friends. This is an example of differential association. differential association. In his study of the Saints and the Roughnecks, William Chambliss concluded that a key factor in the varying fortunes of the two groups was their differing ages. social class positions. A sociologist studies how a teacher's attitudes toward particular students affects students' performance. Students of similar abilities who are "teacher's pets" perform at a high level, and students who are viewed as "troublemakers" perform poorly. This would illustrate which explanation of deviance? anomie theory labeling theory Which of the following groups would most likely be the focus of labeling theorists who are researching the power of some individuals or groups to define labels? sexual predators regulators of social control Because of its recognition of the power of certain people or groups to label others, labeling theory closely ties into which other sociological explanation of deviance? the theory of differential association the conflict perspective Differences in the way social control is exercised over different groups is called differential justice. Which of the following would be an example of differential justice? A person convicted of capital murder is more likely to receive the death penalty if the victim was White. When deciding between two candidates of equal merit, a company chooses a Black candidate over a White candidate. When deciding between two candidates of equal merit, a company chooses a White candidate over a Black candidate. During a major riot in a crime-ridden area, police officers arrest equal numbers of Black people and White people. A person convicted of capital murder is more likely to receive the death penalty if the victim was White. Stanley Milgram distinguishes between two levels of social control, conformity and obedience.
Generally, conformity requires greater coercion than obedience. False The disturbing conclusion drawn from Milgram's famous obedience experiment was that up to two-thirds of ordinary people were actually sadists who enjoyed inflicting pain on innocent people. False Formal social control would
most likely be employed if a student spoke out of turn in class. False To define an act as deviant is to make a subjective judgment, but it can be objectively determined that all deviant acts have a negative impact on the moral standards of a society. False A comparison of official crime
statistics with victimization surveys reveals that a significant proportion of crimes are not reported to police. True White-collar crimes can be defined as victimless crimes committed by affluent, "respectable" individuals. False When compared with other countries, the United States has the
world's highest rates of most types of crime, but has one of the world's lowest rates of incarceration. False One implication of Durkheim's theory of deviance is that deviant acts may actually have beneficial effects by expanding the cultural horizons of a society. True The theory of
differential association maintains that an individual is more likely to commit a deviant act if the groups with which the individual interacts hold favorable attitudes toward the deviant act. True Because labeling theory focuses on why some individuals commit deviant acts, it closely ties into the conflict perspective. False Which of the following is true about the structure of families? It is the same all over the world. It has remained fairly consistent over time in western societies. It has remained fairly consistent over time in non-western societies. None of the answers is correct. None of the answers is correct. Which of the following is not a true example of a cultural approach to family? the Tibetan custom of allowing women to be married to more than one man simultaneously the North American custom of allowing siblings to marry the Yanomami custom of allowing sexual relations with certain opposite-sex cousins but not others the Betsileo custom of allowing men to be married to more than one woman simultaneously the North American custom of allowing siblings to marry
The definition of family that is based on blood, meaning shared genetic heritage, and law, meaning social recognition and affirmation of the bond, is referred to as the ______ definition. substantive Which of the following does the U.S. Census define as a family? a group of two people or more related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together a group of two or more people, related or not, who reside together Both answers are true. a group of two people or more related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together A woman and her husband, their children, her parents, her mother-in-law, her sister, a parakeet, two Irish setters, a cow, and five chickens live together on a farm in the Midwest. According to the U.S. Census, this group is considered a kin group. family. What is the difference between a family and a kin group? The family is a household unit, and kin do not always live together. Kin is a household unit, but a family does not always live together. Family units include aunts and uncles, but a kin group does not. Kin groups and families are identical. The family is a household unit, and kin do not always live together. Which pattern of descent is most typical in the United States? bilateral Which form of descent is most common around the
world? either matrilineal or patrilineal A married couple and their unmarried children living together constitute a(n) nuclear family. A man and his wife and their children, along with five Chinese Shar-Peis, four Siamese cats, eight parakeets, two ducks, a goat, and a dozen tropical fish, live on a piece of land in Woodstock, Vermont. They are an example of a(n) extended family. nuclear family. Which of the following is an example of an extended family? a college sorority living together in one house the Arapesh tribe of New Guinea Beverly, her husband, Bob, their children, Barry and Bonnie, and their three cats and two dogs a married couple, their children, and the husband's sister all living together in the same home a married couple, their children, and the husband's sister all living together in the same home Which form of marriage is characteristic of the United
States? monogamy Han has been married to three separate women, but he was never married to more than one at a time. Han has engaged in a form of marriage called polygamy. serial monogamy. Which of the following is the best example of serial monogamy? Juan is married to Sheila, but they get divorced, and he marries Marlene. After they get divorced, he marries Janet, and when she dies, he marries Lorraine. Maria is married to David. After a few years, she also marries Steve. Carlos shares an apartment with Bonnie for five years, but then he marries Jessica, and they buy a home of their own. All of the answers are correct. Juan is married to Sheila, but they get divorced, and he marries Marlene. After they get divorced, he marries Janet, and when she dies, he marries Lorraine. What is the general term for a marriage in which an individual can have several husbands or wives at the same time? monogamy polygamy The Oneida community existed in New York State from 1840 to 1880, and its members were all married to one another—that is, all the men in the community were married to all the women, and all the women were married to all the men. This would be an example of serial monogamy. polygamy. Anthropologist George Murdock sampled 565 societies and found that over 90 percent of them were strictly monogamous. over 80 percent of them had some type of polygamy. over 30 percent of them had no formal procedures for obtaining a divorce. over 75 percent of them had some type of polyandry. over 80 percent of them had some type of polygamy. Which of the following terms refers to the marriage of a man to more than one woman at the same
time? polygyny In some societies, a man will marry a woman and her sisters; this is an example of monogamy. polygyny. Some Tibetans and the Toda tribe of India practiced female infanticide, which led to a shortage of adult women. As a result, a family was often composed of a group of brothers and a wife, whom they shared. This is an example of: monogamy. polyandry. Which of the following statements about family systems is correct? In the United States, the married couple with unmarried children is the most common family structure. Polygamy was been completely eradicated from the United States during the 20th century. Polygyny is a more common form of marriage than polyandry. Serial monogamy is a form of marriage only found in Western cultures. Polygamy was been completely eradicated from the United States during the 20th century. Which of the following fits neatly into the substantive definition of the family? step-parents who have not adopted their stepchildren unmarried same-sex couples adopted children close friends who are considered "part of the family" adopted children The definition of the family that focuses on what families do for their members and for society is the ______ definition. functionalist Which of the
following is not one of the functions that William F. Ogburn argued the family provides? redistribution Ogburn's functionalist approach serves to ______ the definition of a family. broaden Which of the following could be included within a functionalist family? a grandparent All of the answers are correct. Historically, the way power is distributed within families has largely been shaped by gender.
Which of the following is true about patriarchal societies? Males dominate the decision-making. The eldest male generally holds the most power. A woman's status is generally defined by her relationship to a male relative. All of the answers are correct. All of the answers are correct. Formal matriarchies emerged among Native American tribal societies and in nations in which: men lacked the physical strength to overpower the women. women were believed to be able to communicate directly with the go the primary mode of food production was fishing. men were absent for long periods for either warfare or food gathering. men were absent for long periods for either warfare or food gathering. Friedrich Engels, a colleague of Karl Marx, noted that the family is the ultimate source of social inequality. there are six paramount functions of the family. more than 80 percent of the 565 societies he studied had some type of polygamy. there are six stations of divorce, but the most important is the economic station. the family is the ultimate source of social inequality. Which of the following would reflect an egalitarian authority pattern? After many discussions, Bonnie and Clyde reach a mutual decision about where to buy a home. In their family, Nick makes decisions about major home maintenance projects, and Nora makes decisions about major family vacations. Both answers are correct. Neither answer is correct. Both answers are correct. Which of the following statements about courtship and marriage are true? Most American people are now well into their 30s before they marry for the first time. While they occur in other societies, arranged marriages are banned in the United States. The majority of Americans believe that when they marry, it will be for true love. All of the answers are correct. The majority of Americans believe that when they marry, it will be for true love. The restriction of mate selection to people
within the same group is known as endogamy. Sarna, an Orthodox Jew, marries Nathan, a Reform Jew. Sarna is disowned by her parents because, as far as they are concerned, she has married outside their religion. She has violated the rule of hypergamy. endogamy. The requirement that individuals select mates from outside certain groups is known as exogamy. exogamy. The term incest taboo refers to the prohibition of sexual relationships between certain culturally specified relatives. the prohibition of sexual relationships between anyone sharing the same last name. the requirement in some cultures that sexual initiation occur within the safe confines of a family relationship. the requirement in some cultures that a generational gap be present within a marriage. the prohibition of sexual relationships between certain culturally specified relatives. The incest taboo is an example of exogamy. In most states in the United States, an individual is not permitted to marry a parent, a sibling, an aunt or an uncle, a grandparent, or a first cousin. These rules reflect our societal emphasis on homogamy. the incest taboo. In the United States, endogamous rules stressed by many groups include marriage within the state in which one lives. one's own family group. the confines of one's social and educational levels. one's own ethnic, racial, and religious groups. one's own ethnic, racial, and religious groups. Marriages between African Americans and Whites are currently illegal in three states. are decreasing in number since reaching their peak in 1964. have increased more than ten times since 1960. constitute less than 5 percent of all African American marriages. have increased more than ten times since 1960. Which of the following is true about African American families? They have a significantly higher proportion of single mothers than in White families. They often belong to a stable extended kin network. They often display a deep religious commitment and high aspirations for achievement. All of the answers are correct. All of the answers are correct. Which of the following is true about Navajo families? Their line of descent is nearly always patrilineal. They view teenage pregnancy as a social crisis within their community. Neither answer is true. Both answers are true. Neither answer is true. Which of the following is an example of machismo? Mary drives a lifted pickup truck with a winch and special spotlight, and she often takes it off road. José, a Mexican American, drives a flashy sports car, works out often, and believes that he can "get any woman that he wants." Reggie, an African American, is the captain of his college football team and has a girlfriend that he loves. None of the answers is true. José, a Mexican American, drives a flashy sports car, works out often, and believes that he can "get any woman that he wants." Although Maria and Juan, a young Mexican American couple, have formed a nuclear family, they enjoy their parents and relatives and interact with them on a daily basis. This is an example of machismo. familism. As Latinos and other groups assimilate into the dominant culture of the United States, their family lives typically retain all of their distinctive ethnic characteristics due to the strength of their culture. have generally declined as they have adopted all of the negative aspects of non-Hispanic White households. rarely assume the positive or negative aspects associated with non-Hispanic White households. take on both the positive and negative aspects associated with non-Hispanic White households. take on both the positive and negative aspects associated with non-Hispanic White households. Which of the following is not one of the four factors that Alice Rossi identified as complicating the transition into parenthood? the lack of anticipatory socialization for the social role of caregiver the transition to parenthood is quite abrupt the national consensus on what constitutes successful parenthood the limited amount of education during pregnancy the national consensus on what constitutes successful parenthood Which of the following statements best describes why more adult children are living at home with their parents? Most adult children are pursuing either a Masters or Doctoral degree. Many adult children are experiencing financial difficulties. Most adult children lack the independence necessary to live alone. Large numbers of families have moved to compounds, making living at home feasible. Many adult children are experiencing financial difficulties. Which of the following methods for adopting an unrelated person is legal everywhere in the United States? arrangement of the adoption through a licensed agency assumption of legal rights by virtue of possession adoption through a private agreement sanctioned by the courts All of the answers are correct. arrangement of the adoption through a licensed agency A teenage couple produces a baby, and they agree that they are too young to raise it on their own. The girl's aunt and uncle cannot have a child of their own, and they all agree that it would be a good idea if they take legal custody of the baby. This is an example of foster parenting. adoption. For what reason did the New York State courts rule that a couple does not have to be married to adopt a child? It would help more children in secure "the best possible home." There is a surplus of children, and it is expensive to raise them in orphanages. It allows grandparents to adopt. All of the answers are correct. It would help more children in secure "the best possible home." Which of the following factors has contributed to the rise of dual-income families in the United States? economic need increased education levels for women changing cultural expectations regarding gender All of the answers are correct. All of the answers are correct. Which of the following statements is true regarding single-parent families? The life of single parents and their children is inevitably more difficult than that of a nuclear family. Single-parent families are a rarity in the United States due to the overwhelming stigma attached. Having to rely on a single income and on a sole caregiver can be very stressful. Single-parent families are equally divided between single fathers and single mothers. Having to rely on a single income and on a sole caregiver can be very stressful. Which of the following statements concerning stepfamilies is correct? Studies suggest that children raised by stepmothers are likely to have less health care and education than children raised by biological mothers. The well-being of children in stepfamilies is better, on average, than that of children in divorced, single-parent households. Some studies suggest that more domestic violence occurs in stepfamilies than in traditional nuclear families. All of the answers are correct. Studies suggest that children raised by stepmothers are likely to have less health care and education than children raised by biological mothers. Which of the following statements is true about cohabitation in the United States? The number of couples cohabitating rose dramatically in the 1980s, but has increased little since. It is more common among non-Hispanic Whites than any other racial or ethnic group. It is more common among African Americans and American Indians than other groups. Couples aged 30-44 are more likely to cohabitate if they have a college degree. It is more common among African Americans and American Indians than other groups. Donna, a 33-year-old divorcée with two sons, and Mark, a 50-year-old divorcé with two daughters, become engaged and live together; although they are strongly committed to one another, they eventually decide not to get married. This is an example of cohabitation. cohabitation. Cohabitation is least common among which racial or ethnic group in the United States? Hispanics Asian Americans Which of the following statements about childlessness in the United States is correct? There has been a significant increase in childlessness. There has been a significant increase in childlessness. Which of the following factors has contributed the most to the increasing number of married couples who choose to remain childless? economic considerations economic considerations Which of the following is a true statement regarding same-sex marriages and relationships? Using a substantive definition, the partners in same-sex relationships are regarded as being family. Same-sex marriages are legally recognized in fewer than 10 states. A domestic partnership provides the partners in the relationship the same benefits as a marriage. Same-sex partners are encouraged to check "married" on the Census if they consider themselves to be married. Same-sex partners are encouraged to check "married" on the Census if they consider themselves to be married. Which of the following is an example of a domestic partnership? Joe and Mike, a gay couple, live together in an apartment. Jane and Liz, a lesbian couple, live together in a house. Fred and Estelle, an unmarried couple, live together in an apartment. All of the answers are correct. All of the answers are correct. The main advantage of defining a family in substantive terms is that it is clear who is, and who is not, included in a family. True Under
law, an individual cannot claim "kinship" with another individual unless those two are related by ties of blood. False An important factor in the shift from extended to nuclear families was a change in the underlying system of economic production. True Although diverse forms of family
arrangement now exist in the United States, by far the most common form is the traditional nuclear family. False Polygyny, which involves marriage to multiple partners at the same time, and polyandry, which involves marriage to the same partner at multiple points in time, are both forms of polygamy. False
The difference between a functionalist and a substantive definition of family is the same as the difference between what a family does and what a family is. True The meaning of the term "homogamy" is best captured by the phrase "opposites attract." False Most studies have found that
whether a child is raised by a biological mother or by a stepmother makes no difference to the quality of family life. False Same-sex marriage is legally recognized in more than a dozen states. True The increased availability of opportunities for women has led to wives being less dependent on
their husbands, meaning that it is more feasible for them to leave a marriage they see as hopeless. True What is the best description of the friendship paradox quizlet?What is the best description of the friendship paradox? On average, your friends have more friends than you do.
Which of the following definitions best describes the sociological imagination quizlet?The sociological imagination is a concept used by the American sociologist C. Wright Mills to describe the ability to "think yourself away from the familiar routines of everyday life" and look at them from an entirely new perspective.
Which statement best explains the definition of sociology?the ties or connections between people, groups, and organizations. sociology.
Which of the following best describes the relationship between troubles and issues as explained by C Wright Mills?Which of the following best describes the relationship between "troubles" and "issues" as explained by C. Wright Mills? Troubles are often the individual experiences of the broader trends that Mills calls "issues".
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