Updated on February 17, 2022
What exactly is a mental disorder? How are these conditions diagnosed? Defining exactly what constitutes a psychological disorder can be tricky and, definitions have changed over time. The first problem is that a mental health professional must first decide exactly how
to define "disorder." How do you determine if there is something psychologically wrong or unhealthy about a person? How do you decide what's normal and what's abnormal? If you were to define disorder as something that lies outside of the statistical norm, then people who are considered exceptionally talented or gifted in a particular area would be regarded as abnormal. So rather than focus on actions that are considered outside of the normal statistically
speaking, psychologists tend to concentrate on the results of those behaviors. Behaviors that are considered maladaptive and cause significant personal distress and interrupt daily functioning are more likely to be labeled as disorders. Today, many mental health professionals agree that mental disorders are characterized by both personal distress and
impairment in multiple areas of life. This article discusses how clinicians define and classify mental disorders. It also explores how many people are impacted by such disorders every year. A mental disorder is often used interchangeably with the terms
psychological disorder, psychiatric disorder, or mental illness. The “official” term is mental disorder, defined in the latest edition of the American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic manual, the DSM-5. The DSM-5 defines a mental disorder as a syndrome that causes significant disturbance in behavior, emotion, and cognition. These disorders are also usually accompanied by significant distress that affects a person's work, school, and social relationships. The DSM-5 also notes that expected responses to a common stressor such as the death of a loved one are not considered mental disorders. The diagnostic manual also suggests that behaviors that are often considered at odds with social norms are not considered disorders unless these actions are the result of some dysfunction. RecapMental disorders are defined as conditions that create distress and affect a person's ability to function. These conditions affect how people behave, think, and feel. They can also impact how people are able to function at home, work, school, relationships, and other important life domains. Symptoms of Mental DisordersThe specific symptoms a person might experience depend on the nature of the mental health condition they are experiencing. Some of the symptoms that a person with a mental disorder might experience include:
How Are Mental Disorders Diagnosed?The classification and diagnosis is an important concern for both mental health providers and mental health clients. While there is no single, definitive definition of mental disorders, some different classification and diagnostic criteria have emerged. Clinicians utilize the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association, to determine whether a set of symptoms or behaviors meets the criteria for diagnosis as a mental disorder. The International Classification of Diseases, published by the World Health Organization, is also frequently used. Mental disorders can be diagnosed by a healthcare provider who has knowledge and experience in mental and behavioral health. This might include a doctor or mental health professional. In order to diagnose a mental disorder, a healthcare professional may ask about a person's medical history. They will also ask questions about the nature, duration, and severity of the symptoms that a person is experiencing. There are no medical tests that can be used to diagnose a mental disorder, but a doctor may perform a physical exam and run lab tests to rule out different medical conditions that can cause psychological symptoms. RecapHealthcare professionals usually use a tool such as the DSM-5 to determine if a person's symptoms meet the diagnostic criteria for a mental disorder. Purpose of Getting a Diagnosis While some people may avoid seeking a diagnosis out of fear of
social stigma, getting a diagnosis is an essential part of finding an effective treatment plan. A diagnosis is not about applying a label to a problem; it is about discovering solutions, treatments, and information related to the problem. Once a condition has been diagnosed, healthcare providers and therapists can recommend treatments that can help. With treatment, people can find ways to cope more effectively and function better in different areas of their daily life. Mental Disorder PrevalenceResearch has revealed that mental disorders are far more widespread than previously believed. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), approximately 21% of American adults over the age of 18, or around 52.9 million people, have some diagnosable mental disorder in a given year. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) reports that mental illness tends to be more prevalent among women and younger adults. NIMH also reports that 5.6% of American adults have a serious mental illness. NIMH defines serious mental illness as a mental, behavioral or emotional disorder diagnosable within the past year that meets diagnostic criteria specified by the DSM-5. These disorders must also lead to serious impairment in functioning that limits or interferes with one or more major life activities. Global prevalence statistics suggest that anxiety disorders, mood disorders, alcohol use disorders, and substance use disorders are among the most common types of mental health conditions experienced by people worldwide. RecapStatistics suggest that mental disorders are quite common and affect people of all backgrounds. Anxiety, depression, and substance use disorders are among the most common conditions that people experience. Treatment for Mental Disorders The specific treatment for a mental disorder varies depending on the condition and the needs of the individual. Many mental health conditions are treated with psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of the two. Lifestyles changes
and support groups can often be helpful as well. PsychotherapyThere are many different types of psychotherapy that can be effective in the treatment of a wide variety of mental disorders. Talking to a therapist can help people understand factors that may play a role in their illness and help them develop new strategies to cope. One type of therapy that is often effective is known as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which involves identifying and changing the negative thoughts and behaviors that contribute to psychological problems. MedicationsAntidepressants, anxiolytics, antipsychotics, and other medications can also be helpful for treating mental disorders. While these medications work in different ways, they typically help create changes in the brain that then relieve symptoms. Medications can have side effects and should always be taken as prescribed by your doctor. RecapTreatments for mental disorders often involve psychotherapy and medication. Other strategies such as lifestyle modifications, support groups, and self-help can also be beneficial in addition to traditional treatments. Coping With a Mental DisorderIn addition to getting treatment for a mental health condition, there are other strategies that can be helpful for finding relief.
RecapIn addition to treatment with psychotherapy and medication, coping strategies such as lifestyle changes, social support, and relaxation strategies can help people manage the symptoms of mental disorders. A Word From VerywellMental disorders can create distress and make it difficult to function as you normally do. If you suspect you have a mental disorder, talk to a health care professional to learn more. With an appropriate diagnosis, you can better understand your symptoms and find the treatment you need so that you can find relief and improve your ability to function in your daily life. Frequently Asked Questions
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 By Kendra Cherry
Thanks for your feedback! When a behavior interferes with a person's ability to function effectively in the world it is considered?Dysfunctional: Maladaptive behavior interferes with a person's ability to function effectively in the world.
Which of the following helps define a behavior as abnormal?' In the DSM-5, abnormal behavior is characterized by four general criteria: maladaptive behavior, personal distress, statistical rarity, and violation of social norms. In this article, we're going to talk about each of these.
When a behavior is it is often considered abnormal?Behavior is considered to be abnormal when it is atypical or out of the ordinary, consists of undesirable behavior, and results in impairment in the individual's functioning. Abnormality in behavior, is that in which is considered deviant from specific societal, cultural and ethical expectations.
What differentiates people with obsessive compulsive disorder?People with OCD often feel distressed by the nature of their behaviors or thoughts, even if they are unable to control them. People with OCPD, however, typically believe that their actions have an aim and purpose. Because of this, those with OCPD may also avoid seeking professional help.
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